The study examined women's roles and gender gaps in land operation and farming, labor arrangements in agriculture and water management, and feminization of agriculture in the Lower Vaksh River Basin in Tajikistan.The study was part of the Strengthening Gender-Inclusive Growth in Central and West Asia project supported by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The study findings will improve understanding of the situation so as to inform the ADB grant-financed project in modernizing irrigation and drainage systems in the Lower Vaksh River Basin. It reinforces the need for gender inclusiveness in planning and designing irrigation and drainage projects, ensuring benefits for all.