Tras más de un siglo de historia, el Premio Nobel de Literatura aparece envuelto en la polémica desde el momento en que Jean-Paul Sartre lo rechazara en 1964. With the air of renewal after World War II, the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Literature to William Faulkner in 1949 opened the way for other great novelists. The rejection of the award by the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre in 1964 for ideological reasons marked a turning point.