This book originated in an international conference on Values in medical Decision Making held at the University of Aarhus, Denmark, in June 1988. This was the second conference of the European Society for Philosophy of Medicine and Health Care (ESPMH), which was founded in Maastricht, the Netherlands, in 1987. ESPMH aims at promoting philosophy of medicine and health care in a wide sense and at stimulating contacts between European scholars in this field.