This book is ideal for students studying a key period of Soviet economic history. It brings together and makes available the results of the latest research on Soviet industrialization, using a vast amount of primary evidence, and the methods of quantitative economic analysis. Leading scholars in the field analyze the Soviet economy sector by sector, from agriculture to defense and technology, and look at the key indicators of economic health over the period: employment, national income, exports, and population trends. The book concludes with two chapters comparing the Russian economy at war under tsarism and communism.