Fermilab — originally called the National Accelerator Laboratory — began operations in Illinois on June 15, 1967. Operated and managed by The University of Chicago and Universities Research Association, LLC for the US Department of Energy, it has the distinction of being the only US national laboratory solely dedicated to the advancement of high-energy particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. It has been the site of major discoveries and observations: the top and bottom quarks; the tau neutrino; direct CP violation in kaon decays; a quasar 27 billion light years away from us; origin of high-energy cosmic rays; and confirmation of the evidence of dark energy, among others. For 25 years it operated the world's highest energy particle collider, the Tevatron. Fermilab contributed collaboratively to the Tevatron's successor, the Large Hadron Collider, which discovered the Higgs boson in 2012. Fermilab's core competencies in accelerators, superconducting technologies, detectors and computing have positioned the laboratory for a bright future at the frontiers of science. Today Fermilab scientists, engineers, technicians together with partners from 50 countries are working to explore the nature of the elusive neutrino, enable future x-ray photon science facilities, and construct and exploit higher-energy and higher-intensity particle accelerators. Fermilab is a designated "American Physical Society Historic Site". In this commemorative volume, scientific leaders from around the world celebrate Fermilab's 50th anniversary with thoughts on the laboratory's past, present and future. CONTRIBUTORS: Norm Augustine (Ex-CEO, Lockheed Martin) James D Bjorken (SLAC/Fermilab, Emeritus) Fabiola Gianotti (Director-General, CERN) Paul Grannis (Stony Brook University) Randy Hultgren (US Representative from Illinois) Eric Isaacs (VC for Research and Innovation, University of Chicago) Neal Lane (Rice University) T D Lee (Nobel Laureate, Columbia University, Emeritus) Art McDonald (Nobel Laureate, Queens University/SNOLAB) Naba Mondal (TIFR, India, Emeritus) Burton Richter (Nobel Laureate, Director Emeritus, SLAC) Gino Segrè (University of Pennsylvania, Emeritus) James Siegrist (Director, DOE OHEP) Nigel Smith (Director, SNOLAB) Jack Steinberger (Nobel Laureate, CERN, Emeritus) Michael Turner (Director, KICP, University of Chicago) Yifang Wang (Director, IHEP, China) Ed Witten (Princeton University) Sau Lan Wu (University of Wisconsin, Madison) Robert Zimmer (President, University of Chicago) and many others. Readership: Academics and general readers in particle physics.