The process of removing excess water, toxins and solutes from the body of those whose kidneys are no longer able to naturally perform these functions is called dialysis. It is usually done in patients with acute kidney injury or end-stage kidney disease. It can act as a temporary relief measure in patients awaiting kidney transplant, and as a permanent measure in cases in which transplant is not possible. The primary types of dialysis include hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and hemofiltration. Hemodiafiltration and intestinal dialysis are its secondary types. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of dialysis therapy. It covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around dialysis therapy. This book includes contributions of experts and scientists, which will provide innovative insights into the subject.