this book presents up-to-date biological species mapping techniques that are being used in many different parts of the world by those at the forefront of conservation and development activities. it brings together for the first time some of the most pre-eminent participants in this exciting area. it presents details of the harnessing of new technologies being used in different parts of the world to map biological diversity such as aerophotography, global positioning systems (gps), geographical information systems (gis) and modern methods of field survey. these techniques are being increasingly used by international development agencies and organizations, international and national conservation programmes, conservation scientists and planners worldwide.