We live in a world where the global burden of unmet but treatable neurosurgical conditions approximates to 5m per year. Patients with head injuries, large heads, deformities, tumours, spinal problems and back pain then present to the nearest general surgeon, who must determine what is treatable and what is not, and who must also manage emergencies that cannot be referred. This book is written for surgeons working in tropical and/or low- and middle-income countries and there is no trained neurosurgeon. It is a practical guide to neurosurgical assessment, diagnosis and treatment, written around presentations and conditions. It describes the common conditions and how to perform the common operations required, and recognises that the general surgeon often needs to perform life-saving surgery soon after the patient reaches hospital. The book is well illustrated with clinical pictures of the conditions, imaging, and figures. This is a book for surgeons to have in the operating room and to review when assessing challenging patients who present with probable neursurgical conditions.