In 1829, Dr. John McLoughlin, chief factor of the Hudson's Bay Company Columbia Department, had two small cabins constructed on an island in Willamette Falls. The Kalapuya Indians promptly burned them, but a claim had been made and the roots planted for the oldest city in the Oregon Territory. Incorporated for over 160 years as Oregon City, McLoughlin's city at Willamette Falls has served as the political capital of an independent Oregon Country and the first capital of the Oregon Territory. Considered the oldest industrial site in the West, with saw, flour, paper, and woolen mills, Oregon City was also a transportation center for covered wagons, steamboats, and railroads. As a regional entertainment hub over the years, the community has provided both residents and visitors with such pleasures as Chautauquas, Oregon's first sporting events, the first state fair, a variety of annual festivals, and an array of opera, vaudeville, and movie houses.