The castor bean tree is a plant that produces oilseeds and is of Asian origin. Its ease of adaptation has allowed it to be cultivated in Brazil. This book aims to present a review of the literature on castor bean oil (Ricinus communis L.) and various aspects relating to the use of Ricinus oil and its properties. Castor oil has been used in various activities such as: biofuel production, biotechnology, medicine and ethnobotany, among others. This raw material can be used to generate many products, which is why castor oil reaches a significant range of industries, from relatively simple products to sophisticated ones. Castor oil can be used in a versatile way, for example to treat stomatitis, to disinfect dental prostheses for anti-inflammatory purposes, to insulate or waterproof roofs and buildings, and it can also be used as a biofuel. Embark on this read full of technological applications and popular knowledge and expand your knowledge of this impressive vegetable oil.