Ovary refers to the organ in the female reproductive system which produces an egg cell or ovum. After the release, the ovum reaches the uterus by traveling down the fallopian tube, where it may get fertilised by a sperm. There are two ovaries in a female body, i.e., one on the left, and the other on the right. Ovaries secrete hormones which play a significant role in fertility and the menstrual cycle. They are considered to be female gonads. The changes in the structure and function of the ovaries begin at puberty. Some of the common conditions associated with ovaries include ovarian cyst, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure and ovarian cancer. The book studies, analyzes and upholds the pillars of ovarian research and its utmost significance in modern times. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to ovarian research have been included in this book.