This book provides an analytical perspective on modeling and decision support for mission-critical Internet of Things (MC-IoT) applications. It dissects the complex IoT ecosystem and provides a cross-layer perspective on the design and operation of IoT, particularly in the context of smart and connected communities. The book provides an economic perspective on the resource management in IoT systems with particular emphasis on mission-critical services and applications. It considers three main areas of resource management in MC-IoT, i.e., spectrum management via reservation, allocation of cloud/fog resources to IoT applications, and resource provisioning to smart city service requests. Leveraging theories from dynamic mechanism design, optimal control theory, and spatial point processes, this book provides an overview of integrated decision-making frameworks that deal with resource management from an economic perspective. The book concludes with discussing future directions and relevant problems on the economics of resource management from new perspectives such as security and resilience.