Soil fertility is a primary aspect of soil science. It refers to the study of techniques and methods used for enhancement of fertility in soil. It also includes soil structure, soil moisture retention and soil conservation among other practices. It is used in agriculture mainly to reduce soil erosion and soil degradation. The most common fertilizers are natural fertilizers like manure, peat, etc. and artificial fertilizers like ammonium nitrate, etc. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, this book makes an effort in highlighting their impact as modern tool for the growth of soil fertility. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects and the recent researches in this field. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with this are will benefit from this text.