1. Introduction of UBE.- (1) History.- (2) Basic concept.- (3) Instruments and setting.- 2. Lumbar disc herniation treated by UBE.- (1) Central and paracentral HNP.- (2) Foraminal and extraforaminal HNP.- (3) Contralateral approach.- (4) Recurred disc herniation.- 3. Lumbar stenosis treated by UBE.- (1) Central or lateral recess stenosis.- (2) Contralateral approach.- (3) Foraminal stenosis.- (4) Far out syndrome.- 4. Lumbar interbody fusion by UBE.- (1) Usual TLIF.- (2) Ex TLIF.- (3) Fusion extension.- (4) Hybrid fusion surgery.- 5. Cervical and thoracic lesion by UBE.- (1) cervical posterior foraminotomy.- (2) cervical laminectomy.- (3) Thoracic discectomy.- (4) Thoracic laminecotmy.